1. Hormone receptor is a protein on the surface of the cell that binds with ____________. 2. Hormone receptor is the _________ of the biophysical sign. 3. It prompts the activation or inhibition of genes. 4-5. Two types of hormone receptors: 6. These are often transmembrane proteins ________. 7. What is the active form of Vitamin D? __________. 8.-10. Give three receptors included in the Steroid Hormone Receptor: ____________ ____________ ____________
ii. CASE / ESSAY: (10 points)
Discuss briefly but concisely the main mechanism or process of a Hormone Receptor.
(E.g. It is used for releasing hormones needed by the body.)
A hormone receptor is a receptor protein on the facade of a cell that binds to a definite hormone. The hormone grounds various changes to take place in the cell. Binding of hormones to hormone receptors frequently generate the start of a biophysical sign that can direct to supplementary signal transduction pathways, or prompt the activation or inhibition of genes.
There aretwo types of Hormone Receptors:
◘ Steroid hormone receptors and associated receptors are normally soluble proteins that function during gene activation. Their response elements are DNA sequences that are bound by the multipart of the steroid bound to its receptor. The receptors themselves are zinc-finger proteins. These receptors include those for glucocorticoids, androgens, estrogen, thyroid hormone (T3), the active form of vitamin D which is the calcitriol, and the retinoids.
◘ Peptide hormone receptors are often transmembrane proteins. They are as well termed as sensory receptor, G-protein-coupled receptors, or ionotropic receptors. These receptors commonly function via intracellular second messengers, together with cyclic AMP, the calcium (Ca2+)-calmodulin system and the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3).
REFERENCE/s: Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology by G. Tortora http://www.bio-balance.com/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormone_receptor
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